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Vladimir Frederiks
Count Vladimir Borisovich Frederiks or Adolf Andreas Woldemar Freedericksz (16 November 1838–1 July 1927) was a Finno-Russian statesman who served as Imperial Household Minister between 1897 and 1917 under Nicholas II. He was responsible for the administration of the Imperial family's personal affairs and living arrangements, as well as the awarding of Imperial honors and medals.
==Imperial Household Minister==
Between 1866 and 1870 Frederiks lived in Paris, where both his daughters were born, Eugene in 1867, Emma in 1869.
Appointed to the Ministry at the age of 60, Frederiks established a close relationship with the Tsar and the Tsaritsa, calling them 'mes enfants' in private. He was praised in this role by the French ambassador, Maurice Paléologue, who called him 'the very personification of court life'. However, in later life he became forgetful and ill, and often fell asleep during conferences. Frederiks was a strong conservative who described the deputies of the First Duma as 'a gang of criminals'. He was portrayed in the 1971 film ''Nicholas and Alexandra'' by Jack Hawkins.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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